Laminated board.



B. G. HISCOGK.

LAMINATED BOARD.

' IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 0. I 982,720. Patented Jan. 24, 1911.

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EMORY c. n scocx, or CHICAGO, rumors.

LAMINATED BOARD.

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7 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 24, 1911.

Application filedMay so, 1910. Serial- No. 562,407. r

I To all whom "it may concern:

Be it known that I, EMORY G. HISCOOK, acitizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Laminated Boards, of

- which the following is a specification.

This inventionrelates to improvements in the art of veneering, and has reference more particularly to the production of veneered or laminated boards or similar structural parts such as are extensively used in the manufacture of articles of high grade furniture adapted to be varnished and polished. Laminated board structures of this type manufactured under the generally prevailing practice of the present day comprise a body board or blind, an intermediate .binder consisting of a thin sheet of wood cemented thereto with its grain crossing the grain'of the blind, and a sheet of veneer cemented to said binder usually with its grain crosswise of the grain ofv the binder and parallel withthat of the blind, although the veneer is sometimes applied with its grain parallel with that of the binder. The veneer is usually of some high grade and expensive wood, such as mahogany, walnut, and the like; and where it forms the exposed. surface in prominent articles of furniture, such as pianos, tables, chairs, and. the like, it is usually stained, varnished and highly pol-' ished. It has been found in .practice that this polished. surface deteriorates in bril= lia'ncy and general appearance after a short time owin to what is known as the crazing' of the polished surface; that is, the for-ma tion of what look like very minute blisters or. tiny eruptions all over the polished surface, these being more or less noticeable according to the angle, at which the light may happen to strike the surface and be reflected to the eye of the observer. When this condition arises, careful repolishing will temporarily eliminate the defect, but the surface again rapidly deteriorates and'resumes its former appearance. The. above effects I are observablein constructions where the veneer is laid with its ain at'right angles to the grain of the woo binder. Where the, veneer is" laid with its grain parallel with the grain of the binder, the crazing efiect is not so noticeable, but the veneer frequently.

presents minute splits or cracks lengthwise of its grain. Hence both constructions fall a short of an ideally perfect. construction with reference to durable and lasting qualities of surface appearance, and for a long time the attention and efforts of manufacturers and experts inthe art of veneered woods have been directed toward finding a satisfactory solution-of the problems presented by these inherent defects. It has been generally supposed that the defect of crazing was due to the quality of the varnish or other surface finish applied to the veneer, and I have my- I self made many experiments with various varnishes and other wood dressings, with the result that I have finally discovered that the foundation cause of this defect lies, not in the varnish or other dressing, but in the character and behavior of the binder commonly employed between the veneer and the body or blind; the defect being due as I now believe to the working of the particles of the binder under the variations of temperature and moisture conditions of the atmosphere. Hence, I decided that the correct solution of the problem lay in the discovery of some material to serve asabinder which would be free from the defects of the various woods gener'ally employed. After much experiment I discovered that the chief essential in a binder was a perfect homogeneity' (or uniformity of structure) in all directions in the fibrous structure of the binder; that is, a ainless structure presenting equal and e ective resistance to dis- ,g ption both lengthwise and crosswise.

ter experimenting with various materials that the most perfect results are obtainable with the use, as a binder of vulcanized fiber in sheet form. This material is exceedingly of a binder designed to prevent subsequent change in the condition of the veneer and its polished surface.

In order that my invention may be more fully and clearly understood, I have illustrated in the accompanying drawing a laminated board constructed in accordance with the invention, in which drawing- -of this general character, I have discovered l Figure '1 is a top plan view of a section of I sucha board, with the several laminations thereof broken off at various points; and

Referring to the drawing, 5 designates the body board or blind on which the veneered structure is built.

'6 designates the binder, "which preferably consists of a sheet of manufactured material commercially known as vulcanized fiber which binder is firmly adhered to the body 5 by a thin layer of glue or other cement in-- dicated in somewhat exa erated form at 7. On the binder is then lairil the veneer 8, being secured thereto by a thin layer of glue or other cement indicated at 9. Where the veneer is very thin under the resent practice of applying the glue direct y to the under side of the veneer, this glue works into the pores of the wood and sometimes shows objectionably from the outer side. To prevent this I apply to the under side of the veneer, before adhering the same to the binder, a suitable filler, such, for instance, as white lead, mixed with a highly Volatile'vehicle such as benzin and thoroughly rubbed into the wood.. The vehicle rapidly evaporates, and this leaves the wood filled with a dry substance which does not cause any swelling, shrinking or working of the fibers of the wood, and which at the same time forms with the glue a good adhesive. 1 have herein indicated the presence of such a fillerin the lower side of the veneer strip 8 at 8. The outer side of'the veneer is treated as usual according to the kind and character of finished surface; an ordinary polished varnish being herein indicated at 10.

I have found by test that a laminated structure constructed as described will retain the varnish or other surface finish in a perfect condition so far as the influence of mented thereto, a veneer cemented to said binder, said veneerhaving incorporated therein from its underside a filler of white lead, and-a varnish finish on the outer side of said veneer, substantially as described,

. EMORY c.r11scocK.-

' Witnesses:

CHARLES J. ScHiuIo'r, NELLm B. 'DEARBORN. 

